https://quizlet.com/24480300/music-33-test-1-flash-cards/ music33 test1
To what does the term “functional music” refer? Would you call the tradition of African Music primarily functional?
Music with a social purpose; yes
Functional music
Does knowledge of past performances help ones appreciation of jazz?
yes
In what way is a musical phrase like a sentence?
A complete musical idea that is part of a larger musical organization
When a jazz performer refers to chord changes, to what is he/she referring?
Series of harmonic changes
speed or pace of a given piece
tempo
subdivision of beats
meter
accenting (unexpected) weak beats of rhythm
syncopation
How is musical form defined?
repetition, contrast, variation
What were Jim Crow Laws? The name derived from what source?
Daddy Rice
These words are from the song, “Jim Crow,” as it appeared in sheet music written by Thomas Dartmouth “Daddy” Rice.
racial segregation law
W.E.B. DuBois and Booker T Washington represented opposite political points of view. Review who they were and how they affected history.
more progressive and aggressive
W.E.B DuBois
sociologist, historian, civil rights activist, Pan-Africanist, author, and editor
Du Bois insisted on full civil rights and increased political representation
More gradual/ Atlanta Compromise
Booker T. Washington
top national leaders in politics educator, author, orator, and advisor to presidents
He called for black progress through education and entrepreneurship, rather than trying to challenge directly the Jim Crow segregation and the disenfranchisement of black voters in the South.
Who were the Jubilee singers of Fisk University?
They revived lost spirituals; 1871
Fisk Jubilee Singers
The Fisk Jubilee Singers are an African-American a cappella ensemble, consisting of students at Fisk University
The first group was organized in 1871 to tour and raise funds for college.
National Medal of Arts.
Second oldest black college
FISK university
Know the main characteristics of African music
Polyrhythm, call/response, syncopation, functional
Who was the “King of Ragtime”? What was ragtime?
Scott Joplin, syncopated music between 1890’s-1920’s with no improv, maple leaf rag, became ragtime’s first and most influential hit
“Make Believe Ragtime”
Scott Joplin
Where and when did country blues develop?
Mississippi Delta between world war I and world war II
established as a legal center for prostitution in New Orleans in 1897, district afforded musicians an opportunity to work nightly and improvise, troops closed it down because too many sailors were getting lost
Slow on the way there, fast on the way back
Second Line Funeral Processions
Dividing line between uptown and downtown
Canal Street Along the division between these two cultures, a canal was planned.The canal was never built but the street which took its place received the name.
neutral grounds
Slaves were allowed to sing traditional songs and play drums here
Who was the “empress of blues”?
In the 1930’s, got into an accident and passed the nearest hospital because it was a white hospital all while bleeding out on the way to the black hospital
Bessie Smith
First Blues Recording
Mamie Smith and the Jazz Hounds in 1920 (Crazy Blues)
First Jazz Recording
Original Dixieland Jass Band – Livery Stable Blues (1917)
1917 Dixie Land
The Original Dixieland Jass Band (ODJB) were a New Orleans, Dixieland jazz band that made the first jazz recordings in early 1917.
Plessy v. Ferguson
Around 1898; separate but equal
Reconstruction
period after civil war; enforcing civil rights through troops
Jim Crow
Segregation laws that establish separation; 1870’s
Emancipation
1865; freed slaves; lincoln
Trumpeters
Freddie Keppard,
Joe Oliver,
Buddy Bolden
Part of prehistory; started first Brass band that played jazz
Buddy Bolden
Armstrong’s first teacher
Peter Davis
Where Louis Armstrong was sent in 1913
The Colored Waif Home
Convinced Louis Armstrong to sing, was a pianist
Lil Hardin
Southside Chicago, Louis Armstrong played here, silent movie house
The Vendome
The #1 Hit in 1964
Hello Dolly
Established Jazz in Chicago; Louis’s mentor
Joe King Oliver In 1922 Oliver and his band returned to Chicago, where they began performing as King Oliver and his Creole Jazz Band at the Royal Gardens cabaret (later renamed the Lincoln Gardens).
Coleman Hawkins jealous
In vocal jazz, scat singing is vocal improvisation with wordless vocables, nonsense syllables or without words at all
Father of Stride
James P. Johnson
Prior to bands such as the New York based Fletcher Henderson Band, a band which helped to establish a new direction for jazz, New York was the home of piano giants such as James P Johnson (The Charleston), Willie “The Lion†Smith, Fats Waller, Count Basie and Duke Ellington. All were masters of a style known as Harlem stride or simply “stride.
Trumpet style; recorded with Louis Armstrong in 1920
Earl (Fatha) Hines
“Take the A Train”
Duke Ellington
Piano player, didn’t arrange pieces till 30; called for Louis Armstrong in 1925
Fletcher Henderson
Inspired by Louis Armstrong, died of alcoholism, played for Paul Whitemen, improv
Bix Beiderbecke
Bix Beiderbecke, a harmonically sophisticated trumpeter and pianist from Davenport, Iowa, was drawn to jazz after hearing New Orleans style music from early phonograph records. He is often regarded as the less brassy and more impressionistic genius whose tragic, solitary, and short life shadows Armstrong’s extraverted public success. His high school years were spent in a private school outside of Chicago. Beiderbecke, and Cmelody saxophonist Frankie Trumbauer, made several landmark recordings in the mid 1920’s.
Primary arranger for Fletcher Henderson; alto sax; used call and response which influenced all the arrangers that came after
Don Redman
Who was Bubber Miley? What his relationship to Duke Ellington?
Leader, cotton club, helped compose Duke’s pieces, trumpet player
To what does “prehistory of jazz ” refer?
Time before first jazz recording (1901-1917)
Played altosax and the trumpet
Benny Carter
Jelly Roll Morton
–first great arranger and band leader from the early jazz period whose musical organization and clarity predated arrangers such as Don Redman and Fletcher Henderson. His early stylistic influence was ragtime. His septet was called the Red Hot Peppers,
Red Hot Peppers.
Austin High Gang
Younger white musicians such as Bud Freeman, Jimmy McPartland, and Frank Teschemacher formed the Austin High Gang(they attended the austin high school). The AHG, a very young Benny Goodman (bn.1909), and Bix Beiderbecke’s group,The Wolverines, were all influenced by what they heard on Chicago’s south side.
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