women in early films were depicted in one of two ways, as either a good woman or a bad one. This was called the virgin-whore complex. Flapper. Was a sexy and confident woman. She bobbed her hair, wore short dresses and pearls, and smoked and danced in public. She was sexually free spirited person and had sex outside of marriage. vote in 1920. Alice Guy-Blache French cinema first woman in the U.S. to run a film studio (The Solax Company). by 1912 there were 20 film companies headed by women with actress Mary Pickford being the most successful. Lucille Ball positioned herself to start the female led television production company, Desilu which she ran with her real life husband Desi Arnaz. Ball later sold the company to Gulf-Western who later became Paramount Television. Women make up about 40 percent of the workforce in television news which is just about where it was in the 1990’s. Barbara Walters became the first female to co-anchor of an evening news program in 1976 and her male co-anchor hated it and was deeply embarrassed and would be hostile to Barbara on the air. Katie Couric became the first female to solo anchor an evening news program (CBS). Carole Simpson was the first African American female to anchor a major network newscast. (NBC in Chicago) and was the first minority woman to moderate a Presidential debate. (Ross Perot, Bill Clinton, and George H.W. Bush in 1992.) Oprah Winfrey began co-anchoring the evening news (radio) in Tennessee at 19 years old. Was so poor as a child that her grandmother often made her dresses out of potato sacks. Began her career in Baltimore then moved to Chicago. Connie Chung became the second woman to co-anchor a major network news program and the first Asian American. Was the first journalist to interview Magic Johnson after he announced he was HIV positive and was quitting the NBA.
Genteel Patriarch—An upper classman. He was a devoted husband and father, spent time supervising his massive estate, he was refined, and elegant. Believed that farming was the only way for true independence,
Heroic Artisan—embodied the physical strength a man “should” have. Get down and dirty like a man should and not be as clean and refined like the Genteel Patriarch. Believed that to become a man, you must work hard and you achieve your manliness through hard labor.
The Action Hero- The Buffoon—A bungling father figure in many sit-coms and television ads. Though is masculinity is never question, his intelligence is often challenged. Kevin James (King of Queens), Jackie Gleason (The Honeymooners), Ray Romano (Everybody Loves Raymond) The Big Shot—Often defined by his professional achievements suggesting that he must be financially powerful to be successful. Charlie Sheen (Two and a Half Men)
Hegemonic Masculinity- coined by Australian sociologist R. W. Connell. Ms. Connell was born Robert William Connell. Reinforces the dominant social position of men, and the subordinate social position of women. Connell goes on to explain how and why men maintain dominant social roles over women, and other gender identities, which are perceived as “feminine” in a given society.
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